Air-brake apparatus



ySeptu 28 1926.

S. G. NEAL AIR BRAKE APPARATUS Filed Feb. 2l, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 2Sept. 28 1926.

s. G. NEAL AIR BRAKE APPARATUS mh mc,

Kb, NWN mM NN om.

WQ QQ Patented Sept. 28, 1926.

narran srAres PATENT OFFICE.

SPENCER G. NEAL, OF NEV YORK, N. Y.,

essie-Noa rro AUroMAfrrc STRAIGHT .Ain

BRAKE COMPANY, GF` XVILMINGTON, DELAN` ARE, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

AIR-BRAKE ArrARATUs.

rlhis invention relates-to improvements in triple valves ot theWestinghouse'.type. In triple valves ot this type the mampiston,

the main slide valve and the graduating reservoir pressure moves themain piston.

and the connected main and graduating valves into applicationY positionand air flows fromA the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder. Thenthe' auxiliary reservoirpressure has been'- suiiiciently reduced throughthe ilow of air to the brake cylinder the brake pipe pressure vrillmovethe main piston andthe graduating valve to lap position.

@ne oi the important objects of this invention is to provide a triplevalve of the lllestinghouse type with a main valve means and asupplementary valvefmeans, the main valve means controllingcommunication between the auxiliary reservoir andthe brake cylinder andbetween the brake cylinder and the ati'nosphere,rand the supplementaryvalve means controlling communication between a supplementary reservoirand the brake cylinder and between the brale cylinder and .theatmosphere, both of said valve means moving to application position upona reduction in brake pipe pressure and moving to release position uponan increase in brake pipe pressure.

Another important object of the invention is to provide thesupplementary valve with means whereby said valve will be controlledbrake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures and willact as a brake cylinder pressure controllingv valve, using air Yfrom thesupplementary reservoir to coinpensate for brake cylinder leaks.

Another important object of the invention is to provide means wherebythe suppleincntary or pilot valve will act as a brake cylinder pressurecontrolling means and ensure a brake cylinder vpressure substantially indirect proportion to the braker pipe reduction regardless of brakecylinder piston travel and brake cylinder leakage, using'air from thesupplementary reservoir to build up brake cylinder pressure and Openingthe. brake cylinder to atmosphere when the brake cylinder pressure isabove the desired pressure.

Another object of the invention is to provide a. triplev valve, of thetype herein described, with a release governing valve having,v twopositions7 in one of which the main slide valve in release position willbring about a normal full-and quick release of the. brakes, the releasegoverning' valve in its other position rendering the main slide valveineffective in release position, the release of brake cylinder pressurethen being controlled entirely by the supplementary or pilot valve.

Vrhere are many otherilnportant objects and advantages oie the inventionwhich will hereinafter appear.

in order to simplify the description the various ports and passages willbedescribed inl connection with the various operations of the triplevalve.

ln the drawings, Fig. l is a diagrammatic sectional view of the triplevalve embodying the invention, the parts being shown in fullv releaseand charging position, the release governing valve being in quickrelease position;

Fig; 2 a view similar to Fig. l showing the parts in service position;

Fig.` 3 a view similar to Fig. l showing the'parts in emergencyposition;

Fig. 4l a Ydetail sectional view of the re..- lease governing valveshowing the valve in graduated release position; and

Fig. 5 a diagrammatic view of the ap 3aratus.v p

ln Fig. 5, A designates the triple valve; B the auxiliary reservoir; Gthe brake cylinder; D the emergency reservoir; E the brake pipe; and Fthe release governing valve stem.

Full release and clzaipz'ng position.

usual valve stem l5 said stem extendino` inl wardly through the mainslide valve chamber 5 and being connected to the main slide valvei andthe graduating valve 56' in the usual manner. The piston stem isconnected to the main slide valve by a lost motion connection and thegraduating valve is connected directly to the said stem as is usual inthis type of apparatus. r:Che main slide valve operates on a main slidevalve seat through which various ports and passages are formed. liliththe main piston in full release and charging position a charging grooveLl is uncovered so that air may flow from chamber 1 through said groovepast the piston le and into the main slide valve cham ber 5. The mainslide valve chamber is connected directly to the auxiliary reservoirthrough passage 7 Said chamber 5 is also connected to an emergencyreservoir through passage 3, chamber 9 and a port controlled by a springpressed check valve 1(1). The spring 10l normally holds the check valveseated and the rising pressure in chamber 9 will unseat said valve andopen communication between chamber 9 and the emergency reservoir. rlheauxiliary reservoir and the emergency reservoir will therefore becharged at the same time and at the same rate. From chamber 1 brake pipeair will llow through the passage 11 into brake pipe chamber 12 ot thediaphragm structure. lThe lower wall of chamber 12 is formed by a brakepipe diaphragm 13 Spaced a suitable distance below the diaphragm 13 is alarger brake cylinder diaphragm 53, said diaphragm being considerablylarger' in area than the brake pipe diaphragm 13. The diaphragms 13 and53 form the upper and lower walls ot a brake cylinder chamber 55. Belowthe brake cylinder diaphragm 55 is arranged an emergencyreservoir'diaphragm 16, this diaphragm being of the same area as thebrake pipe diaphragm 13. Between the diaphragms 53 and 16 is formed aretension chamber 25; and below the emergency reservoir diaphragm 16 isformed an emergency reservoir chamber 17. This latter chamber isconnected to the emergency reservoir by passage 18 so that said chamberwill be charged with emergency reservoir air.

The diaphragms 13, 53 and 1G are rigidly connected together at theircenters by a stem 13a and move up and down together. These diaphragmshave a limited up-and-down movement, suitable stops being provided forthat purpose. ln the brake cylinder equalizing chamber` 55 is arranged ahorizontal lever 15a which is pivotally connected to the stem 13, Oneend ot said lever is pivotally connected to the valve casing; its otherend being connected to a secondary or pilot valve 157 said valve beingarranged in a valve chamber 111. The chamber 14 is connected to thebrake pipe chamber 12 by a passage 14e, and in said passage is a checkvalve 14th. This check valve permits air to flow into chamber 14 fromchamber 12 but prevents a back flow of air from chamber lll. Chamber 1eis directly connected to a suppleinentary reservoir 1de by passage ldd.rake pipe pressure will flow from chamber 12 past check valve 141" intochamber and then into the suppleinentary reservoir 1li. With the triplevalve parts in full release and charging position, with the release govHerning valve in quick release position, as shown in Fig. 1, the brakecylinder' is in dir ct communication with a mosphere through brakecylinder passage 19, cavity 2O o1"A the main slide valve, passage 21which leads direct to the release governing valve chamber 22, and fromthis chamber to atmosphere through port in the release governing valve57 and main atmospheric port 24.

rlChe check valve 10 is opened for emergency applications of the brakesby mean ot a piston 30 and a lever 30a connected thereto and adapted tobear en the projecting end ot the valve 10. The piston 30 reciprocatesin a chamber 30h and said chamber is charged from the main slide valvechamber through port 3l and cavity 3lEL in the main slide valve and portand passage 32 which leads from the main slide valve seat into chamber30h. The piston 30 theretore is subject on one side to the pressure inchamber 9 and on its other side to the pressure in chamber 30b and saidpiston remains inoperative in all positions of the main slide valveexcept the emergency position, as will be hereinafter described.

A chamber 25 is connected by passage 25il to the retention chamber 26and is for the purpose ot augmenting said chamber 26. The chamber 25 hasno function except in graduated release operations, as will behereinafter described. With the release govern.

ing valve in quick release position, as shown in Fig. 1, chamber 25 isvented directly to atmosphere through passage 27, cavity 23 oit therelease governing valve, and port and passage 29 which leads direct 'toatmosphere. Chamber 25 is also connected to atmosphere through a smallblow down port 25b which leads to the main slide valve seat and intocavity 25C in the main slidevalve. rlhe cavity 25C connects the port 25bto an atmospheric port 25. The chamber 25 is connected by a port 272L tothe main slide valve seat and in the release position of the main slidevalve this port registers with Uw cavity 2O in the main slide valve sothat the chamber 25 is directly connected to the brake cylinder port andpassage 19.

In emergency application the brake pipe is vented to atmosphere byopening the einer gency brake pipe vent valve 34. 'lhis valve isconnected to a piston 33 which reciprocates in a chamber 36-36. Thechamber 36 below the piston 33 is connected directly to the bralre pipeby passage 35. rEhe piston 33 is provided with a small leak port 37through which air will pass from chamber 36 into the chamber' 36a abovesaid piston. Brake pipev pressure Will thereby equalize on oppositesides of the piston 33 and the valve 84 will be held closed. A. passageS8 leads trom the chamber 36 above the piston 33 to the main slide valveseat. In the emergency position of the main` slide valve passage 38 isconnected by a cavity 65 in the main slide valve to a port and passage40 rvhichleads directly into a chamber S9 thereby reducing the pressurein chamberl 36a and 'permitting the brake pipe pressure in chamber 36 toraise the piston 33 and open the valve 34. In the releas and serviceVaositions otl the main slide valve chamber 89 is connected direct toatmosphere through cavity 41, and secondary atmospheric port 42, as willbe more fully hereinafter described. ln the service position ot the mainslide valve this communication is through port 43 and cavity 41.

Service position.

A'service application of the brakes is brought about by a servicereduction in brake pipe pressure in the usualmanner and the pressure inchamber 1 vvill be reduced belov\7 the auxiliary pressure in chamber 5.l/Vhen a given differential in pressure has been established in thesetwo chambers piston 44 and the stem 45 which is connected v thereto, andthe main and graduating valves will be moved toward the'left by thesuperior auxiliary reservoir pressure in chambei' rl`he initial movementof the piston and the stem45 will first taire up the lostJ motionbetween the extension 46 of the stem and the main slide valve. Thisinitial movement Will also move the graduating valve to uncover theservice port.49 in the main slide valve. will move with the piston stemuntil the piston engages the graduating stem 47 Where it will be stoppedin service position. The movement ci." the stem 47 is resisted by thegraduating spring 48, said spring having' suiiicient tension to hold thepiston and the main slide valve in service position when a servicereduction in brake pipe pressure has bee made, l(see Fig. 2). Themovement ot the main slide valve to service position closescommunication betvveen the brake cylinder passage 19 and the releasecavity20 ot' the slide val-ve 6 andthe service pout 49 is brought intoregister vviththe brake cylinder passage 19. Auxiliary reservoir air isthen free to ilovv from chamber 5 direct to the brake cylinder throughthe passage 50 in the stem 45., port 49 o1" the main slide valve and thebrake cylinder passage 1S which leans direct to the brake cylinder. rlhesize of the service port 49 is such as to permit a reduction ot theauxiliary pressure at practically the same rateas a service reduction otbrake pipe pressure. The pur- -main sealed.

Thereafter the main slide valvek chamber 30h Will be in directcommunication with the auxiliary reservoir chamber 5 through passage 32,cavity 51a and port 31 ot' the main slide valve and pa sage 50 in theYmain slide valve stem, =With the result that there Will be no movementof the vpiston 30 and the emergency reservoir will rel The brakeVcylinder will be connected to the equalizing chamber or the pilot valvestructure through passage 51, cavity 64 of the main slide valve andpassage 52 Which leads direct to chamber 55.

-This communication permits the supplementary or pilot valve to bothsupply and release air from the brake cylinder so long as themain slidevalve 6 1s in service position.

rl`he -reduction ot'brake pipe pressure inber 12 of the diaphragmstructure, resulting in an upward movement of the valve 15'. This upwardmovement results from the reduction of the pressure in chamber 12 belou1the undisturbed emergency reservoir pressure in chamberr17 beneath thediaphragm 16. Then the pilot valve 15 has been moved upwardly intoservicel position supplementary reservoir air Will dow to the brakecylinder through port 54 in the pilot valve, equalizing chamber 55,passage 52, cavity 64 ot the main slide lvalve and passage 51 whichleads direct into the brake cylinder passage 19. .It is therefore clearthat in the service posit-ion of the main slide valve air Will tloivtothe brake cylinder 'from a uXiliary reservoir through the main slidevvalve and also from the supplementary reservoir to the brake cylinderthrough the independent pilot valve. Supplementary reservoir air vuil beused in building up the initial application pressure in thebralrecylinder and thereafter Will be used by the Vsupplementary valve incompensating for bralie cylinder leaks.

Service Zap position. Y

principle 'whereby the Ymain slide val-ve and piston Will be operated tothe righttol cause the graduating valve to cut oil communication betweenchamber 5 and port 49 oit the slide valve when the pressure in chamber 5has been reduced slightly below the brake pipe pressure in chamber l.rlhis operation, as 1n the standard lllestinghouse type ot freighttriple valve, talres place when a given volume has been exhausted fromthe auxiliary reservoir, and the eilectiveness in resultant brake`cj/Jlinder pressure is determined by the length ot' the bralre cylinderpiston travel, brake cylinder volume. tween the supplementary res rvoirand the brake cylinder controlled by the secondary valve means is closedwhen a given brake cylinder pressure has been developed, this pressurebeing registered at all times in the equalizing chamber 55, and whenthis pres sure is raised to point where tle reduced brake pipe pressurein chamber i2 and increase in pressure in the eolr.alizine` cham-- ber55 will oppose the midis-turbe' einen gene'y reservoir pressure incl'xamber 17, the pilot valve will be moved downward to lap position andthe service port ot the pilot valve will be closed. Should the pietontravel be short or less than normal (8) an abnormal brake cylinder pr .Jr ill be developed'betore the graduating val ve 56 will be lapped, andthe pressure in the cqnaliaingjg chamber 55 between diaphragme lf3 and53 will lilrewise be abnormal. The diaphragme will be lowered and thepilot valve will be moved to release position and communication will beestablisiied between the brake cylinder and atmosphere so that theabnormal, developed, bralre cylinder pressure will be reduced to normal.pressure by the balancing` operation of the diaphragm". Should thepiston travel be greater than normal the flow of auxiliary reservoirpressure to the brake cylinder will not develop a normal pressuretherein, with the result that the pilot valve will be raised to or heldin service position by the diaphragms and supplementary reservoirpressure will then tlow to the bralre cylind r to make up any pr ssurwhich was lacliingr at t ai time the graduating; valve assumed lapposition. lit the bralre pipe pressure is held constantly at anypredetermined service reduction, the brake cylinder will be maintainedagainst leakage by the diaphragm operated pilot valve l5 alone; butshould another service brake pipe reduction be nia-de, air pressure willflow to the brake cylinder both 'from the auxiliary and thesupplementary reservoirs.

Air will be used l'roin reservoir for the initial application oithebrakes and thereafter in compensating tor brake cylinder lealrs untilthe pressure therein has been reduced below the brake pipe pressure inchamber l2. Vihen the pres- The connection bethe supplementary which, ofcourse, Lgoverns the sure in the chamber lil-c has been reduced belowthat of chamber l2 air will flow past check valve 14h from the saidchamber l2. rlhis reduction in pressure in chamber l2 and co sequentlyin the brake pipe will, it sutlicient, cause he main valve means to moveto applicationposition to again connect the auxiliary reservoir to thebrake cylinder.

Quick release.

governing` valve 5T is aranually operated by means of yhis valve has twopositions, Use position and a graduated re- A An its quick releaseposition the l; L2e release port- 23 connects the release governing;valve chamber 22 to the large atmospheric port 24. rllhis position et'the valve is illustrated. in Fig. l.

A releasrI ot brake cylinder pressureis obtained by increasing the brakepipe pressure in the usual manner. 1Whenlthe brake pipe pressure israised in chamber l to eX- ceed the pressure in the auxiliary reservoirchamber 5 sutiiciently to operate the piston de. valve to releaseposition and the m comn'iunicatum will be established from the bralecvlir" u' direct to atmosphere through the'releate ravity 2O ot the mainslide valve and thence4 to atmosphere through the release gevernnj.;valve chamber 22 as desc ibed in connection with the charging ot thesystem. The auxiliary reservoir will be recharged from the brake pipethrough the charging groove hereinbefore described. lt will not benecessary, however, to cha the oiiiergency reservoir because the air insaid reservoir has been maintained undisturbed. rlhe movement of themain slide valve to release position carries the cavity out oi registerwith the ports 51 and 52 thereby preventing therpilot valve fromleerling brake pipe pressure to the bralze cylinder when the brake pipepressure is raised at a slow tor release or the-brakes. The increasedbrake pipe press; re chamber l will be directly registered in vthe brakepipe chamber l2 or the diaph agar structure and the diaphrap'n'is willbe moved downwardly and will carry the pilot valve to release position.ln the release position Voi' this valve the equalizingr chainber 55 willbe connected to atmosphere t irougjh cavity in the pilot valve, passagecavity Lll of the main slide valve and atmospheric port e2. 'llhepressure in chamber o5 will not be completely exhausted to atmosphereuntil the brake pipe pressurein chamber l2 has been raised to anequality with the undisturbed reservoir pressure in chamber 17. rlheequalizing chamber Vwill be cut ott' from communication with the bralrecylinder when cavity Gil has been moved out ol' regn ister with passage52. lf the communication lmalrf ne A Vbetween passages 51 and l52, .thepilotvalve lou's: The sleuf' increase in brake pipe pres-v sure, such asdoes exist in alongtrain when releasing the brakeawouldoperate thepilotvalve to release position, and the brake cylin-l er pressure Would'bereleased through .the diaphragm structure, at a rateproportional to theincrease in brake pipe pressure. f But when tie mainslide valve isoperated lto release position to quickly exhaust the brake cylinderpressure, the pressure inthe equal- L; chamber 55 isalso reduced' atqthesaine rate and the result Would be that vbecause or' the quick reductionet 4pressure in chamber the pilot valve would operate to serviceposition and Feed brake pipe air into the brake cylinder in the samemanneras it would Wheninaintainingbrake l cylinder 'With theAcommunication closed ENration is precisely: as `justdescribed, butbrake pipe pressure entering passage 5 2 not/flow tothe brake cylinderthrough sage 51 because the. cavity 641 hasbecn oved out of registerWith passage-52.

Service application when operating' n graduated release.

The release Lgoverning valve isshiifted to the left, as illustrated inFig. l of the drawings, in order to adjust the triple valve forgraduated release 'operations v"This movement of the release governingvalve closes the large Aatmospheric port 24 and l es the atmosphericport29. This movement ot the valve therefore c'loses'rcommunication betweentlie'retention chamber 25v and atmospheric port 29 and Valsocommunication between the brake cylinder exhaust port il and theatmospheric port-'24. @A cavity in the releasegoverning valveWill-connect together passages-58 and 59. lPassage 52% leads directtothebrake cylinder passaae 19. Passage 59 -leadsidirectto pasif Ye Passage'52 leadsifrom .themain s f e valve seat direct to thefbrake cylinder"lilith the release 'governing'valve in; graduated release position theequalizingehameer port 42.

is connected tov tliefyljiraker cylinder through/passage .52, passage59,cavity 60 inthe. release governing valve, passage .58 gto, the brakecylinder passage` 19 so that supplementary: reservoir vair will flow tothe lbrake cylinder independently et' the main 'slile valve.

Gradi/.ated release.

VThe release operation, When operating lin graduated release, Ais Whollycontrolled by .the vindepeifident vpilot valve. 15, the release of therelease governing valve `is moved out l of register With ltheatmospheric .port 24. The purpose of connecting the passages 58 and59-by vthe ,cavityiGO of the release governing valve is to permit lthepilot valve to release brake cylinder pressure to atmosphere While`themain ,slide valve is in release position, thisbeing prevented Whenoperating 1n quick release, Yas herein 4de- Y scribed. `Theflow of airfromthe brake cyl-V inder to atmosphere Will be, Whenv Operating ingraduated release, as follows Brake cylkinderpressure.Will flow.throughpassages 19 :and 58, cavityv GOof..the release governing valveandpassages. 59 and 52, Ywhich Alead direct to the'equalizing chamber 55bet-Ween diaphragms 13 and. 53, and from this chamberto the atmospherethrough cavity 61 to the pilot valvetpassage 62, cavity 41 of the mainslide valve, and the yatmospheric From the above'descriptionit Will beunderstood that when operating in graduated .releasethe brake cylnderissupplied With pressure -both f from the `auxiliary.reservoir and ,thesupplementary reservoir when a brake pipe -reductionis made; but thedischarge -of pressure therefrom is Vcontrolled entirely by the pilotvalve yand the amount otpressure reductionis.dependent upon the amountot increase inbrake pipe pressure.

YThe release ot'brake cylinder pressure will be in direct` proportiontothe increase in brake pipe pressure registered infthe brake`r pipelchamber By increasing' the pressure in' chamber 12 a predetermined.amount,...for instance live pounds, the ,diaphragm structure will .bemoved .downwardly andl the pilot valvek willV be :moved toreleaseposition. gBrake cylinder. pressure in chamber' Will bereleasedtoatmosphere as hereinbefore described. Vhen thel presysure inchamber 55,and consequently inthe @brake cylinder, is.y reduced` to. such a Vdegreethat .the undisturbed emergency reservoir pressure A in-l chamber 17.will overcome the lll) pipe pressure to open communication between theauxiliary reservoir and the bi'alrccylinder and to close communicationbetween the brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir, said communication withthe brake cylinder being closed upon an equalization 01' pressures inthe bialre pipe and in the auxiliary reservoir whereby a certain volumeof air will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir to the brakecylinder for a given brake pipe reduction, and means operated byemergency reservoir pressure upon a reduction ot bral-e pipe pressure toplace the supplementary reservoir in communication'with the brakecylinder, said-n'i-oans closing said communication when the combinedbrake cylinder pressure and reduced brake pipe pressure dominates theemergency reservoir pressure and thereafter-controlling the degree otpressure retained in the brake cylinder.

2. An air brake apparatus comprising an emergency reservoir, anauxiliaryA reservoir, a supplementary reservoir, a brake pipe, a brakecylinder, means subject to brake pipe pressure and auxiliary reservoirpressure and operating upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to opencommunication between the auxiliary reservoir and the brake cylinder andto close communication between the brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir,said y communication with the brake cylinder being closed upon anequalization of pressures in the bralre pipe and inthe auxiliaryreservoir whereby a certain volume of air will be discharged from theauxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder for a given brake pipereduction, and means operated by emergency reservoir pressure upon areduction of brake pipe pressure to place the supplementary reservoir incommunication with the brake cylinder, said means closing saidcommunication when the combined brake cylinder pressure and reducedbrake pipe pressure dominates the emergency reservoir pressure.

3. An air bra-ke apparatus comprising an emergency reservoir, anauxiliary reservoir, a supplementary reservoir, a brake cylinder, abrake pipe, and two valve devices operated by a reduction of bralre pipepressure, one of said valve devices closing communication between brakepip-e and auxiliary reservoir and placing the auxiliaryv reservoir incommunication with the brake cylinder and closing said brake 'cylindercoinmunication upon an equalization of brake pip-e and auxiliaryreservoir pressures, whereby a certain volume of air will be dischargedfrom the auxiliary reservoir into the brake cylinder for a given brakepipe reduction, the other valve device placing the supplementaryreservoir in communication with the brake cylinder and closing Saidcommunication when a predetermined L equalization oiE a supplementaryreservoir, a brake cylinder, a brake pipe, and two valve devicesoperat-k ed by a reduction ot' brake pipe pressure, one closingcommunication between brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir and placing theauxiliary reservoir in communication with the brake cylinder and closingsaidy brake cylinder communication upon an brake pipe and auxiliaryreservoir pressures, whereby a certain volume of air will be dischargedfrom the auxiliary reservoir into the brake cylinder for a given brakepipe reduction, the other 'valvey device placing t-he supplementaryreservoir in communication with the brake cylinder and closing saidcommunication when a predetermined brake cylinder pressure is securedfrom the auxiliary reservoir and supplementary reservoir, said othervalve device being controlled by biale pipe, brake'cylindei' andemergency reservoir pressures. A

5. An air brake apparatus comprising an emergency reservoir, anauxiliary reservoir, a supplementary reservoir, a brake cylinder, abrake pipe, a main valve device and a secondary valve device both ofsaid devices being operated by a reduction of bralre pipe pressure, themain valve device closing communication between the brale pipe andani-iliary reservoir and placing the auxiliary reservoir in communicatievv v'ith the brake cylinder and closing said brake cylindercommunication upon an equalization ot brake pipe and auxiliary reservoirpressures, whereby a certain volume ot' air will be discharged from theauxiliary reservoir into the brake cylinder for a. given brake pipereduction, said main valve device a so operiting upon a sudden reductionoi' brake l pipe pressure to place the emergency reservoir and auxiliaryreservoir in communica tion with the brake cylinder for an inergencyapplication otl the brakes, the secondary valve device placing thesupplementary reservoir in communication with the brake cylinder andclosing said communication when a predetermined brake cylinder pressureis secured from auxiliary reservoir and supplementary reservoir. saidsecondary valve device being controlled by brake pipe, brake cylinderand emergency reservoir pressures.

A: triple valve for air brake apparatus comprisinga main side valve, agraduating valve, a piston connected to said valves and subject on oneside to brake pipe pr ssure and on itsother side to auxiliary reservoirpressure and Voperating upon an increase of brake pipe pressureto move'said valves `to release position to connect the brake cylinder to a mainexhaust port and to open coininunication from the brake pipe toauxiliary reservoir, and operating` upon a reduction ot brake pipepressure to move said valves to application position to connect theauxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder and to close communicationfrom the bralre pipe to auxiliary reservoir, said communication with thebrake cylinder being closed upon an equalization ot pressures in the b tpipe and in the ai ilary reservoir nliereby ne oi' air will be dis-cha'ary reservoir to the br cylinder tor a fen bralre pipe reduction7 asecondenT or y lot valve su1 `iect to brake pipe, cr j, cylinder anden'ieipjency reser- Voir pressures and operating iron a reduction inbrake pipe pressa c to connect a supplementary reservoir to the brakecylinder and operating` upon ar increase in brake pipe pressure toconnect t1 braise cylinder to atmospl'iere through a secondary exhaustport. a release governing' valve having a quick. release 1position and agraduated release position, said valve in quick release positionopening; the main brake cylinder exhaust port to atmosphere and acertain yolu trom the aux in its (fn/'radin ated release positionclosing` said main exhaust port and opening communication between thehralie cylinder and the secondary exhaust port through the pilot valvewhereby the pilot valve will control the exhaust oi brake cylinderpressure when the release governing valve is in graduated releaseposition, 'and means whereby the main slide valve will control brakecylinder exhaust through the pilot valve and the secondary exhaust port.

7. lin air brake apparatus comprising an emergency reservoir, anauxiliary reservoir, a supplementary reservoir, a brake pipe, a brakecylinder, main valve means subject to brake pipe pressure and auxiliaryreservoir pressure and operating upon a reduction in brake pipe pressureto open communication between the auxiliary reservoir and the brakecylinder and to close communication between the brake pipe and auxiliaryreservoir, said communication with the brake cyl.- inder being closedupon an equalization ot pressures in the brake pi pe and in theauxiliary reservoir whereby a certain voli-une oit air will bedischarged trom the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder tor agiven brake pipe reduction, and a secondary or pilot valve operatingupon a reduction ot brake pipe pressure to admit supplementary reservoirair only to the brake cylinder until. a predetermined pressure is builtup in said brake cylinder from the auxiliary reservoir and supplementaryreservoir, whereby the predetermined pressure in the brake cylinder willbe maintained from the supplementary reservoir regardless of brakecylinder lealrs and variations in brale cylinder piston travel.

8. An air loralie apparatus comprising an emergency reservoir, anauxiliary reservoir,

a supplementary reservoir, a 1oralre pipe, a

munication between the auxiliary reservoir and the bralre cylinder andto close coniinunication between the brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir,said communication with the brake cylinder 1Lseingl closed upon anequalizat'ui ot pressure in the brake pipe and in the auxiliaryreservoir whereby certain volume ot air will be discharged from theauxiliary reservoir to the 1uralte cylinder for a given brake pipereduction, said main vare means operating upon an increase of biale pipepressure to connect the brake cylinder to a main exhaust port, asecondary valve means operating` upon'a reduction ot brale pipe pressureto place the supplementary reservoir in communication with the brakecylinder and close said communication when a predetermined brakecylinder pressure is secured trom auxiliary reservoir and supplementaryreservoir, and operatingupon an increase et brake pipe pressure toslowly release brake cylinder pressure to a secondary exhaust port andindependent ot the main exhaustport ot' the main valve means., saidsecond ary valye means being` controlled by hralre pipe7 brake cylinderand emergency reservoir pressures, and manually operable means in oneposition rendering the main exhaust means ineffective and the secondaryexhaust means eti'ective and in another position rendering the mainexhaust means etliective.

9. iin air bra-ke a} 3paratus comprising` an emergency reservoir, anauxiliary reservoir, a supplementary reservoir? a brake pipe, a brakecylinder, main valve ans subject to hrale pipe pressure and au ryreseryoir pressure and opera-ting upon a reduction in brake pipepressure to open comi unication between the auxiliary reservoir and thebrake cylinder and to close co; inunication between the uralte pipe andauxiliary reservoir, said communication with the brake cylinder beingclosed upon an equalization of pressure in the brake pipe and in theauxiliary reservoir whereby a certain volume ot air will be discharged'troni the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder for a given hralrepipe reduction, said main valve means operating upon' an increase oitbralie pipe pressure to connect the brake cylinder to a main exhaustport, a secondary independent valve operating upon a reduction in brakepipe pressure to connect the supplementary through a secondary exhaustIport,l means controlled by bra-ire pipe and brale cylinder pressuresopposed. toA the pressure oi' an emergency reservoir for actuating saidindependent valve, and means whereby said pressure controlling valveWill maintain the brake cylinder pressure in direct proportion l to thebrake pipe reduction the brake cylinder pressure moving said independentvalve to release position Awhen said pressure exceeds the desired brakecylinder pressure, and emergency reservoir pressure moving said valve toapplication position When the brake cylinder pressure is. below thedesired brake cylinder pressure.

l0. triple valve for air brake apparatuscomprising a main slide valve, agraduating valve, a piston connected tov said valves and subject on oneside to brake pipe pressure and on its other side to auxiliary reservoirpressure and operating upon an increase of brake pipe pressure to movethe said valves to release position to connect the brake cylinder to amain exhaust port and to open communication from the bralre pipe toauxiliary reservoir, and operating upon a reduction of brake pipepressure to move said valves` to application position to connect theauxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder and to close communicationfrom the brake pipe to auxiliary reservoir, said communication with thebrake cylinder being closed upon an equalization of pressures in thebrake pipe and in the auxiliary reservoir whereby a certain volume ofair Will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir to the brakecylinder for a given brake pipe reduction, and a secondary independentvalve operating` upon a decrease in brake pipe pressure to connect asupplementary reservoir alone to the brake cylinder through a cavity inthe main valve when said slide valve is in service application position.

ll. A triple valve for air brake apparatus comprising a main slidevalve, a graduating valve, a piston connected to said valves and subjecton one side to brake pipe pressure and on its other side to auxiliaryreser- .voir pressure and operating upon an increase orn brake pipepressure to move the said valves to release position to connect thebrake cylinder to a main exhaust port and to open communication from thebrake pipe to auxiliary reservoir, and operating upon a reduction ofbrake pipe pressure 'to move said valves to application position toconnect the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder and to closecommunication from the bralre pipe to auxiliary reservoir, saidcommunication with the brake cylinder being closed y upon anequalization of pressures in the bralre pipe and in the auxiliaryreservoir whereby a certain volume of air Will be discharged from theauxiliary reservoir to the brakeeylinder for a given brake pipereduction, asecondary independent valve operating upon a decrease inbrake pipe pressure to connect a supplementary reservoir alone f to thebrake cylinder through a cavity in the main slide valve when said slidevalve is in service application position, and vmeans controlled by brakepipe and bralie cylinder pressures opposed to the pressure of anemergency reservoir for actuating said independent valve. V

12. Atriple, valve for air brake apparat-us comprising a main slidevalve, a graduating valve, a piston connect-ed to said va ves andsubject on one side to brake pipe pressure and on its other side toauxiliary reservoir pressure and operating upon an increase of brakepipe pressure to move the said valves to release position to connect thebrake cylinder to a main exhaust port and to open communication from thebrake pipe to auxiliary reservoir, and operating upon a reduction ofbrake pipe pressure to move said valves to application positiontoconnect the auxiliary reservoir to the brakel cylinder and to closecommunication from the brake pipe to auxiliary reservoir, Vsaidcommunication With the brake cylinder being closed upon an equalizationof pressures in the brake pipe and in the auxiliary reservoir whereby acertain volume of air will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir tothe bral-:e cylinder for a given brake pipe reduction, a quick releasevalve controlling a main exhaust through the main slide valve andadapted to be manually operated to render the main exhaust through themain slide valve ineliective in release operations, a secondaryindependent valve operating upon a decrease in brake pipe pressure toconnect a supplementary reservoir to the brake cylinder and operatingupon an increase in bralre pipe pressure to release position to connectthe brake cylinder to atmosphere through a secondary exhaust port, meanscontrolled by brake pipe and brake cylinder, pressures opposed to thepressure of an emergency reservoir for actuating said independent valve,and means whereby said pressure controlling valve WillJ maintain thebrake cylinder pressure in-directfproportion to the brake pipereductioi. r

13. A triple valve 'foifttiiba-lefapparatus comprising a mainslitlefvflvega graduating valve, a piston connected to said cvalves andsubject on one side to brake pipe pressure and on its other sidel toauxiliary Vreservoir pressure and operating upon an increase of brakepipe pressure to move the said valves to release position to connect thebrake cylinder to a main exhaust port and to open communication from thebralre pipe to auxiliary reservoir, and operatingupon a reduction ofbrake pipe pressure to move 'said valves to application position toconnect the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder and to closecommunication trom the brake pipe to auxiliary reservoir, saidcommunication with the brake cylinder being` closed upon an equalizationot pressures in the brake pipe and in the auxiliary reservoir whereby acertain volume ot air will be discharged trom the auxiliary reservoir tothe brake cylinder tor a given brake pipe reduction, a quick releasevalve ccitrollinna main exhaust through the main slide valve and adaptedto be manually operated to render the main exhaust throucjh thc .mainslide valve inetfective in release operations, a secondary independentvalve operating upon a decrease in brake pipe pressure to connect asupplementary reservoir to the hralre cylinder and operating upon anincrease in brake pipe pressure to release position to connect the brakecylinder to atmosphere throupgh a secondary exhaust port, means.controlled loy brake pipe and brake cylinder pressures opposed to thepressure of an emergency reservoir tor actuating` said independentvalve, and means whereby said pressure controllingvalve will maintainthe rake cylinder pressure in direct proportion to the brake pipereduction the brake cylinder pressure movingV said independent valve torelease position when said pressure exceecs the desired brake cylinderpressure, and emergency reservoir pressure movingsaid valve toapplication position when the brake cylinder pressure is below thedesired brake cylinder pressure.

lll. A triple valve tor air bralre apparatus comprising a main slidevalve. a ,eraduatina valve, a piston connected to said valves andsubject on one side to brake pipe pressure and on its other side toauxiliary reservoir pressure and operating upon an increase of brakepipe pressure to move the said valves to release position to connect thebrake cylinder to a main exhaust port and to open communication from thebrake pipe to auxiliary reservoir and operating; upon a reduction ofbrake pipe pressure to move said valves to application position toconnect the auxiliary reservoir to the bralre cylinder and to closecommunieajtippfrom the brake pipe to auxiliary reservoir, saidcoininuniction with dief,lernte@vlinder bei-11?! C10/Sed 1119011 anequalizatipiu-Qt-.fpressures in the brake pipe and in the auxiliaryreser foir whereby7 a certain volume of air will be discharged from theauxiliary reservoir to the bralre cylinder tor a 4ive-n brake pipereduction` a secondary independent brake cylinder pressure controllingvalve adapted in service position to connect a supplementary reservoirgency reservoir for actuating said independent pressure controllingvalve.

l5. An air brake apparatus comprising an' emergency reservoir, anauxiliary reservoir,

a 'supplementary reservoir, a brake cylinden, QC-

main valve device and a ondary valve device both ot ing operated by areduction of brake pipe pressure, the main valve device closing`coinmuuication between brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir and placingthe auxili ry reservoir in communication with the brake cylinder andclosing said brake cylinder communication upon an equalization ot brakepipe and auxiliary reservoir pressures, whereby a certain volume of airwill be discharged trom the auxiliary reservoir into the loralrecylinder tor a given brake pipe reduction, said main valve device alsoopcrating` upon a sudden reduction of brake pipe pressure to place theemergency reservoir and auxiliary reservoir in communication with thebrake cylinder tor an emergency application ot the brakes, the secondaryvalve device placing the supplementary reservoir in communication withthe brake cylinder and closing` said communication when a predeterminedbrake cylinder pressure is secured from auxiliary reservoir andsupplementary reservoir, said secondary valve device being controlled bybrak-e pipe, bralre cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures, andmeans whereby the main slide valve in serviceiposition will connect thebrake cylinder to the brake pipe and supplementary reservoir and willconnect` the brake cylinder to atmosphere through pas sages controlled.by the independent valve,

lo. An air bralre apparatus comprising an emergency reservoir, anauxiliary reservoir, a supplen'ientary reservoir, a brake cylindcr, abrake pipe, a main valve device and a secondary valve device both otsaid devices being operated by a reduction ot brake pipe pressure, themain valve device closing` communication between bralre pipe andauxiliary reservoirl and placing;` the auxiliary reservoir in communicaon with the brake cylinder and closing` said brake cylindercommunication upon an equalization ot brake pipe and auxiliary reservoirpressures, whereby a certain volume ot air will he discharged trom theauxiliary reservoir into the brake cylinder for a given bralre pipereduction, said main valve device also operating upon a sudden reductionof brake pipe pressure to place the emergency reservoir and auxiliaryreservoir in communication with the brake cylinder for an emergencyapplication of the brakes,

a brake pipe,

llt)

the secondary valve device placing the supplementary reservoir incommunication with the brake cylinder and closing said communicationwhen a predetermined brake cylinder pressure is secured from auxiliaryreservoir and supplementary reservoir, said secondary valve device beingcontrolled by brake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reservoirpressures, means whereby the main slide valve in service position willconnect the brake cylinder to the brake pipe and supplementaryreservoir, and will connect the brake cylinder to atmosphere throughpassages controlled by the independent valve, and means whereby the mainslide valve in emergency position will close the passages controlled bythe independent valve.

17. An air brake apparatus comprising an emergency reservoir, anauxiliary reservoir, a supplementary reservoir, a brake cylinder, abrake pipe, a main valve device and a secondary valve device, both ofsaid devices being operated by a reduction of brake pipe pressure, themain valve deviceclosing communication between brake pipe and auxiliaryreservoir and placing the auxiliary reservoir in communication with thebrake cylinder and closing -said brakeV cylinder communication upon anequalization of brake pipe and auxiliary reservoir pressures, whereby acertain volume of air will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoirinto the brake cylinder for a given brake pipe reduction, the secondaryvalve device placing the supplementary reservoir in communication withthe brake cylinder and closing said communication when a predeterminedbrake cylinder pressure is secured from auxiliary reservoir andsupplementary reservoir, said secondary valve device being controlled bybrake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressures, and meanswhereby the main slide valve in emergency position will render thesecondary valve device ineffective.

18. A triple valve for air brake apparatus comprising a main slidevalve, a graduating valve, a piston connected to said valves and subjecton one side to brake pipe pressure and on its other side to auxiliaryreservoir pressure and operating upon an increase of brake pipe pressureto move the said valves to release positionv to connect the brakecylinder to a mainexhaust port and to open communication from the brakepipe to auxiliary reservoir, and operating upon a reduction of brakepipe pressure to move said valves to application position to connect theauxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder and to close communicationfrom the brake pipe to auxiliary reservoir, said communication with thebrake cylinder being 'closed upon an equalization of pressures in thebrake pipe and in the auxiliary reservoir whereby a certain volume ofair will be discharged from the auxiliary reservoir to the brakecylinder for a given brake pipe reduction, a secondary or pilot valvesubject to brake pipe, brake cylinder and emergency reservoir pressuresand operating upon a reduction in brake pipe pressure to connect asupplementary reservoir to the brake cylinder and operating upon anincrease in brake pipe pressure to connect the brake cylinder toatmosphere through a secondary exhaust port, and means whereby the mainslide valve in emergency position will render the secondary'valve deviceineiiective.

19. An air brake apparatus comprising an emergency reservoir, anauxiliary reservoir, a supplementary reservoir, a brake pipe,

a'brake cylinder, main valve means subject to brake pipe pressure andauxiliary reservoir pressure and operating upon a reduction in brakepipe pressure to open communication between the auxiliary reservoir andthe brake cylinder and to close communication between the brake pipe andauxiliary reservoir, said communication with the brake cylinder beingclosed upon an equalization of pressures in the bra-ke pipe and in theauxiliary reservoir whereby a certainV volume of air will be dischargedfrom the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder for a given brakepipe reduction, a secondary or pilot valve operating upon a reduction ofbrake pipe pressure to admit supplementary reservoir air only to thebrake cylinder until a predetermined pressure is built up in said brakecylinder from the auxiliary reservoir and supplementary reservoir,whereby the predeterminedpressure in the brake cylinder will bemaintained regardless of brake cylinder leaks and variations in brakecylinder piston travel, means whereby the auxiliary reservoir pressurewill hold the emergency reservoir sealed in the service position of themain valve means, and means whereby the main valve in emergency positionwill permit auxiliary reservoir pressure to open communication betweenemergency reservoir and the auxiliary reservoir for an emergencyapplication of the brakes.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aiiix my signature.-

SPENCER G. NEAL.

